Read these books for an understanding of how to disciple others:
Why Christian's Can't Trust Psychology - This book will help you to see clearly how the truth of the Scriptures cannot be mixed with the world's philosophies. There are a few good things that the field of psychology has offered, but psychology as a whole cannot be trusted. This book teaches biblical principles, and it provides a fictional story to illustrate how the principles should be applied in a real life situation. The fictional story also make the book very enjoyable to read.
Teach Them Diligently: How to Use the Scriptures in Child Training - This book is designed to help parents use the Word to disciple their children. However, I am sure the book will be a great help to every Christian who reads it. I think Lou Priolo does a great job of showing the value of and the 'how to' of disicpling others using the Word.
Changed Into His Image - This book discusses the biblical teaching on the process of sanctification. Jim Berg does not only deal with specific issues relating to sanctification, but also the overall process. You will get the 'big picture.' I of no better book that attempts to give the 'big picture.' This book is to be read and studied. It is a resource that you will go back to many times. See my review of Changed into His Image by clicking here.
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Read these books to grow in your understanding of the Christian life in general (they are not listed in order of priority):
With an Everlasting Love by Kay Arthur. This book helps you to see your salvation as a love relationship with God.
Through the Looking Glass: Reflections on Christ that Changes Us by Kris Lundgaard. This book will help you see the preeminence of Christ in daily living
The Enemy Within by Kris Lundgaard. The book will help you in your battle against the flesh.
The Doctrine of Repentance by Thomas Watson. Every Christian should live a life of repentance. This book will help you towards that end.
The Knowledge of the Holy by A.W. Tozer - This is a classic. Many, many Bible teachers quote it. Tozer will impress you with the attributes of God.
The Pursuit of Holiness by Jerry Bridges - This book is a classic. See my review of this book by clicking here.
The Discipline of Grace by Jerry Bridges – This shows the biblical balance of man’s efforts and God enabling in the pursuit of Christian growth.
The Practice of Godliness by Jerry Bridges – this is an explanation of the fruit of the Spirit as listed in Galatians 5 plus other Christian virtues.
The Joy of Fearing God by Jerry Bridges – This describes the necessary attitude for all of the Christian life. Reverence and awe for our Almighty God is the only path to true and lasting joy.
Transforming Grace by Jerry Bridges – This book tells how God always deals with Christians on the basis of His grace.
When People are Big and God is Small by Ed Welch – This deals with the fear of man versus the fear of God. The fear of God brings true humility which enables you to have enjoyable and fruitful relationships with others.
Our Sufficiency in Christ by John MacArthur
I Really Want to Change…So Help Me, God by James MacDonald – This is an exposition and application of Romans 6-7.
Spiritual Disciplines for the Christian Life by Donald Whitney - This book is a classic. It's very practical.
Ten Questions to Diagnose Your Spiritual Health by Donald Whitney
The Godly Man’s Picture by Thomas Watson – This is a wonderful book which will help you to strive for godliness.
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Read these books for an understanding of marriage:
The Exemplary Husband by Stuart Scott - Scott is very biblical. He is to the point. He is balanced.
The Complete Husband - Lou Priolo's book is more "fun" to read than The Exemplary Husband. He is not as organized in his appoached; he doesn't gives as balanced of a treatment of the subject. However, he demonstrates how to carry out your responsibilities. He gives great examples. He gives hope that it can be done. He is personable. He 'inspires' you to be faithful.
The Excellent Wife - I loved reading this book. It is so good. It is well organized and balanced. Martha Peace demonstrates well how wives are to live out the truth. Both men and women should read it.
Strengthening Your Marriage by Wayne Mack
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Buy these reference tools as well:
Quick Scripture Reference for Counseling by John Kruis
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Most of these books cover many theological topics in one volume. A few of them cover only one topic.
Bitesize Theology by Peter Jeffrey – This is really clear and concise. You could possible read it in a day, but you will want to study it.
Knowing God by J.I. Packer
Moody Handbook of Theology by Paul Enns
The Enemy Within by Kris Lungaard – This book explains the biblical doctrine of “total depravity” (the sinfulness of men). It will help you to be thankful for God’s work in your life and totally dependent of Him for spiritual growth.
The God Who Loves by John MacArthur – This book will help you to understand and appreciate God’s love for you as His child.
The Knowledge of the Holy by A.W. Tozer – This is a great explanation and application of the attributes of God.
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For Instruction in Righteousness: A Topical Reference Guide for Biblical Child-Training by Pam Forster.
Shepherding a Child’s Heart by Ted Tripp
Teach Them Diligently: How to Use the Scriptures in Child Training by Lou Priolo – This book shows you how to apply 2 Timothy 3:16-17 which speaks of using the Bible for “doctrine, reproof, correction, and training in righteousness.”
Age of Opportunity: A Biblical Guide to Parenting Teenagers by Paul David Tripp
Your Family God’s Way by Wayne Mack
The Heart of Anger: Practical Help for the Prevention and Cure of Anger in Children by Lou Priolo - See my review of this book by clicking here.
What the Bible Says about Parenting by John MacArthur
Christian Living in the Home by Jay Adams - See my review of this book by clicking here.
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Every Thought Captive: A Study Manual for the Defense of Christian Truth by Richard Pratt. Pratt originally wrote this to help highschoolers. It is very readable and even has a parable at the end to demonstrate how to put the truth into practice.
The Gospel for Real Life - Jerry Bridges makes the gospel abundantly clear. He will 'fill in the gaps' of your understanding of the gospel. He will help you to enjoy the gospel. You will always be looking forward to the next chapter. 
The Gospel According to Jesus by John MacArthur - This book shows from the Gospels that Jesus' call to salvation was a call to submit to His lordship - to submit to Him as their Master.
Tell the Truth: The Whole Gospel to the Whole Person by Whole People ("A Training Manual on the Message and Methods of God-centered Witnessing") by Will Metzger. You would do well to read and study this book. 
Hard to Believe by John MacArthur - This book communicates the same message as The Gospel According to Jesus and The Gospel According to the Apostles, but in a more readable, popular style. 
The Gospel According to the Apostles by John MacArthur - This book shows from the NT (except for the Gospels) that the promise of salvation is a call to submit to the Lordship of Christ.
Evangelism and the Sovereignty of God by J.I. Packer - This book walks through the content of the gospel and then reconciles the responsibility of the evangelist with the sovereignty of God in saving sinners.
The Passion of Jesus Christ by John Piper – This book gives 50 reasons why Christ died.
Salvation Exposed by Peter Jeffrey - This is written to one seeking to understand what it means to be saved (it isn't written to the person who has already been saved). For believers, this books demonstrates a proper method of evangelism.
The Local Church: God's Plan and Purpose for Biblical Ministry by Craig N. Johnson - This booklet discusses the importance of the local church. You will be challenged to commit yourself to a local church. 
Spiritual Disciplines within the Church by Donald Whitney 
Life in the Father’s House by Wayne Mack
The Master’s Plan for the Church by John MacArthur
The Crisis of Caring by Jerry Bridges. This book is a study of biblical fellowship.
Power Encounters: Reclaiming Spiritual Warfare by David Powlison - This is my first recommendation for a study of spiritual warfare. Powlison begins in the OT and walks through the Scriptures examining the occasions of spiritual warfare mentioned.
Precious Remedies Against Satan’s Devices by Thomas Brooks – Thomas Brooks wrote this in the 1600’s. 
How to Meet the Enemy by John MacArthur
Understanding Spiritual Gifts by Robert L. Thomas – This is a study of 1 Corinthians 12-14, but it also has many appendices which answer other questions.
Charismatic Chaos by John MacArthur – This deals primarily with the more extreme expressions of churches that teach charismatic theology.
Psycho-Babble by Richard Ganz - 
Blame it on the Brain? by Ed Welch - It is difficult to discern whether people's problems have true physical causes or not. This book will help you be discerning.
A Biblical View of Self-Esteem, Self-Love, and Self-Image by Jay Adams
A Theology of Christian Counseling by Jay Adams - This is not your typical theology book. Adams talks about theology but shows how good theology is necessary for counseling
Introduction to Biblical Counseling by John MacArthur and Wayne Mack - 
Men and Women: Equal Yet Different by Alexander Strauch - This book walks through all the main passages of Scripture that talk about the roles of men and women. It is very clear and readable.
Different by Design: Discovering God’s Will for Today’s Man and Woman by John MacArthur
